{"id":2468,"date":"2020-09-01T06:32:27","date_gmt":"2020-09-01T06:32:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/?p=2468"},"modified":"2020-10-29T10:53:30","modified_gmt":"2020-10-29T10:53:30","slug":"how-to-correctly-place-a-subwoofer-in-a-room","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/how-to-correctly-place-a-subwoofer-in-a-room\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Correctly Place a Subwoofer in a Room"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"trp_language_switcher_shortcode\">\n<div class=\"trp-language-switcher trp-language-switcher-container\" data-no-translation >\n    <div class=\"trp-ls-shortcode-current-language\">\n        <a href=\"#\" class=\"trp-ls-shortcode-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language\" title=\"English\" onclick=\"event.preventDefault()\">\n\t\t\t English\t\t<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"trp-ls-shortcode-language\">\n                <a href=\"#\" class=\"trp-ls-shortcode-disabled-language trp-ls-disabled-language\"  title=\"English\" onclick=\"event.preventDefault()\">\n\t\t\t English\t\t<\/a>\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468\" title=\"Deutsch\">\n             Deutsch        <\/a>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468\" title=\"Espa\u00f1ol de M\u00e9xico\">\n             Espa\u00f1ol de M\u00e9xico        <\/a>\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2468\" title=\"Fran\u00e7ais\">\n             Fran\u00e7ais        <\/a>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <script type=\"application\/javascript\">\n        \/\/ need to have the same with set from JS on both divs. Otherwise it can push stuff around in HTML\n        var trp_ls_shortcodes = document.querySelectorAll('.trp_language_switcher_shortcode .trp-language-switcher');\n        if ( trp_ls_shortcodes.length > 0) {\n            \/\/ get the last language switcher added\n            var trp_el = trp_ls_shortcodes[trp_ls_shortcodes.length - 1];\n\n            var trp_shortcode_language_item = trp_el.querySelector( '.trp-ls-shortcode-language' )\n            \/\/ set width\n            var trp_ls_shortcode_width                                               = trp_shortcode_language_item.offsetWidth + 16;\n            trp_shortcode_language_item.style.width                                  = trp_ls_shortcode_width + 'px';\n            trp_el.querySelector( '.trp-ls-shortcode-current-language' ).style.width = trp_ls_shortcode_width + 'px';\n\n            \/\/ We're putting this on display: none after we have its width.\n            trp_shortcode_language_item.style.display = 'none';\n        }\n    <\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Have you ever wondered if subwoofers can be placed anywhere in a room, on a stage or below it? Have you ever experienced listening to a subwoofer that had no punch, impact and definition? In fact, the placement of a subwoofer in a room or a club, on stage or simply on the floor is a critical aspect of managing low frequencies. Let\u2019s try to understand why, first. Then, we will look at how to find the best location for a subwoofer relative to nearby walls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Subwoofer Sound Radiation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s first remember that sound propagates differently depending on frequencies. As subwoofers only generate low frequencies, typically well below 200 Hz, all types of subwoofer design \u2013 apart from cardioid solutions &#8211; produce an omnidirectional sound radiation. This implies that sound energy propagates in all directions, towards the audience but also towards any hard, solid structure located behind the subwoofer. This is where we have to turn our attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"564\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2469\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1.png 652w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-300x260.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-250x216.png 250w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-550x476.png 550w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-208x180.png 208w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-347x300.png 347w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-1-578x500.png 578w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 1. \u2013 Subwoofers\u2019 radiate omnidirectional (360 degrees) energy in their typical band pass.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Back Wall Cancellation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When there is some distance between a subwoofer and a hard, solid wall behind it, at the frequency where this distance is equal to one quarter of the sound wavelength emitted, the wall reflection is out of phase with the subwoofer forward radiation. Hence, the sound reflected by the wall at this specific frequency will cancel the subwoofer\u2019s forward radiation of the same frequency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s recall here the definition of the speed of sound. The speed of sound \u2018C\u2019 (at sea level, at 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) and under normal atmospheric conditions) is <strong>344 m\/s<\/strong> (1128 ft\/s) and is defined as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <strong>C = f \u03bb<\/strong>  where \u2018f\u2019 represents frequency and \u2018\u03bb\u2019 wavelength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This equation lets us easily find the quarter wavelength for any given frequency. As an example, the lowest note on a standard guitar (open low E string) is about 83 Hz. The quarter wavelength is 1.0 m (3.3 ft).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence, we can conclude that if a subwoofer is placed 1.0 m away from a hard, solid wall behind it, its forward-radiating frequency response will display a significant notch in at 83 Hz. This is called \u2018low frequency comb filtering cancellation\u2019 and, unfortunately, equalization of the subwoofer\u2019s output does not help, as the same level change applies also to the reflected sound off the wall. This is why the location of the subwoofer relative to the back wall has a significant impact on the overall low frequency reproduction quality and musicality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1071\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2470\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2.png 1071w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-1024x400.png 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-768x300.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-250x98.png 250w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-550x215.png 550w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-800x312.png 800w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-461x180.png 461w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-2-769x300.png 769w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1071px) 100vw, 1071px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 2. \u2013 Sound cancellation phenomena due to a hard, solid wall behind a subwoofer.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Subwoofers\u2019 Placement Guidelines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, let\u2019s look at QSC <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.qsc.com\/live-sound\/products\/loudspeakers\/powered-loudspeakers\/ks-series-new\/\" target=\"_blank\">KS Series active subwoofer<\/a>s\u2019 specifications and draw some numerical conclusions. In all KS Series subwoofers, the ultra-compact, single 12-inch <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qsc.com\/live-sound\/products\/loudspeakers\/powered-loudspeakers\/ks-series-new\/ks112\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KS112<\/a> has the widest frequency response (-6 dB) that spans from 41 to 108 Hz. For calculation simplicity, we will consider 40 and 110 Hz, which represent both ends of our subwoofer\u2019s low frequency bandwidth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00bc wavelength at 40 Hz = <strong>2.15 m<\/strong> (7.0 ft)<\/li><li>\u00bc wavelength at 110 Hz = <strong>0.78 m<\/strong> (2.56 ft)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the actual subwoofer\u2019s low frequency performance, these two calculated distances provide the guidelines we are looking for. How to use our findings?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to avoid these strong low frequency cancellations, we could first choose to place the subwoofer as close as possible to the back wall. This will ensure that the low frequency output is not compromised, because there is no distance behind the subwoofer. In that case, however, make sure you recall what was explained in another <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/how-to-best-setup-your-loudspeakers-in-your-home-studio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">blog<\/a> about bass boost when a loudspeaker is placed close to a wall. Adequate adjustment of its low frequency response is necessary to keep your entire PA system in balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, most often, we need to place our subwoofers away from the back wall, on stage or beside it. In that case, using our numerical findings above our subwoofers can be placed either;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Between<strong> 0 m<\/strong> (against the back wall) and <strong>0.78 m<\/strong> from the back wall (0-2.56 ft)<\/li><li>Further away than <strong>2.15 m<\/strong> (7.0 ft) from the back wall<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In doing so, you will ensure that the subwoofer\u2019s low frequency reproduction remains unaltered over the entire band pass. If this same subwoofer is placed anywhere between the 0.78 m and 2.15 m range, the subwoofer\u2019s output will lack definition, punch and tight dynamics with, possibly, some bass notes missing entirely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cardioid Subwoofers\u2019 Placement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As in every rule, there are exceptions. Cardioid subwoofers, such as the QSC <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qsc.com\/live-sound\/products\/loudspeakers\/powered-loudspeakers\/ks-series-new\/ks212c\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KS212C<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qsc.com\/live-sound\/products\/loudspeakers\/active-loudspeakers\/ks-series-new\/ks118\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">KS118<\/a> (using min. two units) do not radiate sound omni-directionally. Their on-board DSP technology performs the complex processing that makes mirrored woofers interact at the rear of the enclosure(s) to produce a desirable cancellation, while simultaneously interacting at the front of the enclosure(s) to produce equally desirable summation. As a result, their radiation patterns display an ideal cardioid (heart) shape, with 15 dB higher level at the front than at the rear. The sound radiation towards the back hard, solid wall is almost inexistent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This said, there still is the need for a minimum distance between the cardioid subwoofer and the back wall. Valid for both KS212C and KS118 (using min. two units), make sure that no cardioid subwoofers are placed closer than <strong>0.5 m<\/strong> (20 inches) form the back wall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"918\" height=\"759\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3.png 918w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-768x635.png 768w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-250x207.png 250w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-550x455.png 550w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-800x661.png 800w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-218x180.png 218w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-363x300.png 363w, https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/app\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/08\/QSC-Blog_August-2020_Image-3-605x500.png 605w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 918px) 100vw, 918px\" \/><figcaption>Figure 3. \u2013 Cardioid subwoofers\u2019 placement recommendation in relation to back wall.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, subwoofers are used in many portable and installed PA applications. To enhance the overall listening and performance experience, their placement in a room, on stage or below it is, in fact, critical. Understanding how to easily calculate the distances from a hard, solid back wall to where subwoofers can be safely placed in order to provide a great bass listening experience is important. Now that you know about it, do not forget, whenever needed, to do some simple math in order to enjoy a great bass experience.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you ever wondered if subwoofers can be placed anywhere in a room, on a stage or below it? Have you ever experienced listening to a subwoofer that had no punch, impact and definition? In fact, the placement of a subwoofer in a room or a club, on stage or simply on the floor is &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/how-to-correctly-place-a-subwoofer-in-a-room\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,18,79,14,63,25,19,8,58,1],"tags":[121,113,160,107,70,122,123,124,60,125,80,112,61],"class_list":["post-2468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-av-rental-presentation","category-djs-dance","category-educational","category-events","category-house-of-worship","category-k-family","category-musicians-bands","category-production","category-subwoofers","category-uncategorized","tag-active-subwoofers","tag-english","tag-french","tag-german","tag-k-2-series","tag-ks-series","tag-ks112","tag-ks118","tag-ks212c","tag-kw-series","tag-qsc-subwoofers","tag-spanish","tag-subwoofers"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Correctly Place a Subwoofer in a Room - Blog | Resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.qsc.com\/live-sound\/how-to-correctly-place-a-subwoofer-in-a-room\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Correctly Place a Subwoofer in a Room - Blog | Resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Have you ever wondered if subwoofers can be placed anywhere in a room, on a stage or below it? 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